WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ELDERLY?

The characteristics of the elderly can be understood in terms of physical, mental, emotional, and social changes that occur naturally with aging — though the pace and extent vary from person to person.

Here’s a complete breakdown:

1. Physical Characteristics

• Reduced muscle mass & strength → slower movements, lower stamina.
• Wrinkled and thinner skin due to loss of collagen and elasticity.
• Weaker bones & joints (osteoporosis, arthritis risk).
• Decline in sensory functions:
• Vision: difficulty focusing, sensitivity to glare, possible cataracts.
• Hearing: reduced ability to hear high-pitched sounds (presbycusis).
• Taste & smell: less sensitivity, affecting appetite.
• Slower metabolism → weight changes, altered digestion.
• Weakened immune system → more prone to infections.
• Slower healing & recovery from illness or injury.

2. Cognitive Characteristics

• Mild memory decline is common (short-term memory more affected than long-term).
• Slower information processing speed, but often good wisdom and judgment.
• In some cases: risk of cognitive disorders (e.g., dementia, Alzheimer’s).

3. Emotional Characteristics

• May feel loneliness or isolation, especially if living alone.
• Greater need for emotional security and stability.
• Can be more reflective, valuing life experiences and traditions.
• Sometimes fear of dependency on others or of illness.

4. Social Characteristics

• Possible smaller social circles due to retirement, relocation, or loss of peers.
• May have more time for hobbies, volunteering, or family involvement.
• Role shift — from active worker to advisor, mentor, or caregiver for grandchildren.

5. Health-Related Characteristics

• More likely to have chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease).
• Need for regular health check-ups and medication management.
• Greater importance of balanced diet, exercise, and fall prevention.