WHAT ARE SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (SCFAs)?

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a type of fatty acid with fewer than six carbon atoms. They are primarily produced by the fermentation of dietary fibre by beneficial gut bacteria in the large intestine. SCFAs play a crucial role in gut health and overall well-being.

Common SCFAs

The most studied SCFAs include:

1. Acetate (C2) - The most abundant SCFA, often used as an energy source by cells and involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism.
2. Propionate (C3) - Primarily metabolized in the liver, where it contributes to gluconeogenesis (glucose production).
3. Butyrate (C4) - A key energy source for colon cells and has anti-inflammatory and protective effects in the gut.

Functions of SCFAs

1. Gut Health:
• Provide energy to colonocytes (colon cells).
• Strengthen the intestinal barrier by enhancing mucus production.
• Support a balanced gut microbiome.
2. Metabolism:
• Regulate blood sugar levels.
• Influence lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.
3. Anti-inflammatory Effects:
• Reduce inflammation in the gut and systemic inflammation.
• Influence immune system regulation.
4. Health Benefits:
• May help prevent diseases like colorectal cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease.
• Associated with reduced risks of obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

Sources

SCFAs are not directly obtained from food but are produced in the gut. Consuming dietary fibres like those in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts promotes SCFA production through fermentation by gut bacteria.